PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
		Wordian														264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian								264.9 *
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian								283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian														293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Gzhelian										Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian								303.7
								Khamovnikian								304.8
								Krevyakinian				Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Cheremshanian	Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Prikamian		318.6 *
			Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	Lousuan	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Dewunian	323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
			Tarusian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Venevian		330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Aleksinian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
					Payntonian							486.8 *
												Sunwaptan	487.5
							Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian								489.5
									Aksaian				490.7 *
									Sakian				492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
							Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian			Idamean								494
		Paibian			Idamean						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan	St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
					Boomerangian					Ayusokkanian				499
					Boomerangian					Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian			Undillan									500.5
		Drumian			Floran									503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian			Topazan		Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
					Templetonian			Delamaran							506.5
					Ordian										507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Caerfai			Waucoban †						509
										Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
															510.8 *
								Dyeran							511 *
										Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3													514
								Montezuman							514.8 *
								Montezuman		Atdabanian					515.6 *
								Begadean		Atdabanian					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian					521
		Stage 2								Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian								Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
																538.8