PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Senonian								66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Gallic								100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian		Neocomian								125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras						168.2
				Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
				Aalenian				Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
								Planulata						179.3 *
								Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
								Kanense						181.3 *
								Carlottense						182.3 *
								Kunae						183.5 *
				Pliensbachian				Kunae						184.2
								Freboldi						185.1 *
								Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
								Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
				Sinemurian										192.9
								Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
								Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
				Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Artinskian	283.5
			Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
			Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian	Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
				Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Datsonian	485.4
			Stage 10		Payntonian	486.8 *
			Jiangshanian		Iverian	489.5
			Paibian		Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian		Boomerangian		499
			Drumian		Undillan		500.5
			Drumian		Floran		503
			Wuliuan		Templetonian		Stage 5 †				504.5
			Wuliuan		Ordian		Stage 5 †				507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian						509
			Stage 4						510.8 *
			Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
														1400