PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian				Wordian								264.28
		Roadian				Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian							283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian					Nealian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
		Visean												330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu	445.2
				Vormsi	449.6 *
				Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
			Viru	Rakvere				450.6 *
				Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian		Keila	Idavere †			453
				Haljala				453.9
				Kukruse				456.4 *
				Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku				458.4
				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Aseri				460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
				Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov					467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
					Latorp †				470.1 *
				Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg					477.7
				Varangu					481.3 *
				Pakerort					482.2 *
									Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
					Aksaian						490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan								509
					Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
					Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian								514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
														538.8