PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene										0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene										0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene										5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene										7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene										11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene										13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene										15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene										33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene										37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene										41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene										56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene										59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian															Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian				Wordian												264.28
		Roadian				Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian											273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian											281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian											283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian											290.1
		Asselian					Nealian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
		Kasimovian																303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
		Pragian			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu	Bolindian		445.2
								Pirgu	Eastonian		449 *
								Vormsi			449.6 *
								Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
								Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
									Gisbornian	Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian								Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian				467.3
									Castlemainian				468.5 *
									Castlemainian	Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian				470
									Chewtonian		Latorp †		470.1 *
									Bendigonian				471.8 *
									Lancefieldian				473.5 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian								Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
									Warendian				482.8 *
									Warendian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian		Tavgian †		Ketyan †/Yurakian		485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
									Aksaian						490.7 *
									Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian													494
		Paibian											Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Amgan/Solvan						509
									Toyonian		Lenian †				510 *
									Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian						514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian						521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †				529
																		538.8