PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian		Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
		Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
							Clifdenian			15.1
						Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
							Duntroonian			25.2
							Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
						Arnold	Runangan			34.6
							Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian			41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
							Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan			47.8
							Mangaorapan			48.9
							Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian					Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean			90.5
							Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan			93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
							Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan			100.5
							Urutawan			103.3
						Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian					Korangan			113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5			Batyrbaian
			Aksaian			490.7 *
			Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian				494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian					Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan	Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan						509
			Toyonian			Lenian †			510 *
			Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian						514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian						521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian						525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †			529
										538.8