PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Britain				Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites											168.2
		Bajocian							Humphresianum										168.4
		Aalenian						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense										174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons											180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum											182
		Pliensbachian						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni											184.2
		Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi											192.9
		Hettangian						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
		Wordian																	264.28
		Roadian																	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																	273.01
		Artinskian																	283.5
		Sakmarian																	290.1
		Asselian																	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian														Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian																	305.9
		Moscovian																	307
		Bashkirian																	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian	358.9
			Middle Famennian	365.3 *
			Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian	372.2
			Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
			Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
			Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †			445.2
					Cautleyan					448.9 *
					Pusgillian					449.3 *
				Caradoc	Streffordian					Onnian †	449.6 *
					Streffordian	Berounian					449.7 *
					Cheneyan						451.5 *
					Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Aurelucian								456.8 *
									Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
							Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
							Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian						468
				Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian							470
					Whitlandian							471.1 *
					Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Ungurian	Tremadoc	Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
													485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian									485.4
		Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian									489.5
				Aksaian									490.7 *
				Sakian									492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian									Series 3 †	497
				Ayusokkanian										Arcadian	498.4
															499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian											500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian											503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian											Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian			509
				Toyonian												510 *
				Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian												514
				Atdabanian												515.6 *
				Atdabanian									Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian												521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian														529
																			538.8