PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of West Avalonia	Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Calabrian								0.774
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †			2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Serravallian								11.63
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
				Bartonian								37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
Xiaodushanian				Gzhelian	300 *
Xiaodushanian				Kasimovian	303.7
Dalaun				Kasimovian	305.8 *
				Moscovian	307
				Bashkirian	315.2
Huashibanian					318.5 *
Lousuan					321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		Paibian		494
			Paibian		Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian		Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian		Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Branchian		Duyunian			509
			Stage 3		Branchian		Nangaoian			514
			Stage 3		Placentian		Nangaoian			517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian			521
			Fortunian				Meishucunian			529
			Fortunian				Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
		Ectasian									1200
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
												4600