PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Mesozoic Subages		Permian of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian													72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian													100.5
					Middle Albian													106.2 *
					Early Albian													109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian													113
		Aptian			Early Aptian													119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian													139.8
					Middle Berriasian													140.6 *
					Early Berriasian													142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian												146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian													149.2
					Late Kimmeridgian			Kawhia	Ohauan									150
					Early Kimmeridgian				Ohauan									152.2 *
					Early Kimmeridgian				Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian												157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian													161.5
		Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian													168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian													168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian													174.7
					Late Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan									176
					Middle Toarcian													180.4 *
					Early Toarcian													182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian													184.2
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian			Sevatian				Warepan									208.5
					Alaunian													213.2 *
					Lacian													216.7 *
									Otamitan									217
									Oretian									221
		Carnian			Tuvalian				Oretian									227
					Tuvalian			Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Longobardian	Etalian	238
			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian		242
			Pelsonian		243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
			Aegean	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		247.2
			Smithian		248.9 *
			Smithian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Dienerian		251.2
			Griesbachian		251.4 *
			Griesbachian	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan		Meishanian	251.902
					Waiitian		Meishanian	253.2
							Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan		Laoshanian		254.2
					Puruhauan		Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian			Flettian		264.28
		Wordian					Barettian		266
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian					273.01
		Kungurian					Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian					Mangapirian		283.5
							Telfordian		285
				Longlinian			Telfordian		285.4 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
									Xiaodushanian	300 *
										300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian			330.9
		Visean				Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
											Actonian †	453.2 *
											Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
											Longvillian †		455.2 *
										Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
										Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470							Fennian
			Whitlandian							471.1 *
			Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc						Migneintian	477.7
			Tremadoc						Cressagian	480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10								Festiniogian			Niuchehean		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian								Festiniogian			Jiangshanian		489.5
		Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian			Jiangshanian		493.1 *
		Paibian											Paibian		494
		Paibian											Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan											Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai		Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian								530.7
																		538.8