PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Devonian of Eastern North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras												168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense												168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta												174.7
							Planulata												179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi										179.8 *
							Kanense												181.3 *
							Carlottense												182.3 *
							Kunae												183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae												184.2
							Freboldi												185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras											186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras											189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis											190.3 *
		Sinemurian																	192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras										196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites												196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian												Wordian					264.28
		Roadian												Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian				393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian								Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian						Volkhov						467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen	469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
								Latorp †				470.1 *
							Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg					477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
												Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														489.5
													Aksaian			490.7 *
													Sakian			492.2 *
												Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					Ayusokkanian						Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian							500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai					Amgan/Solvan								509
								Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
								Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian								514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian								521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †				529
																			538.8