PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian								264.9 *
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian								283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
		Gzhelian									Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian								303.7
							Khamovnikian								304.8
							Krevyakinian				Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	307
			Podolskian	308.9 *
			Kashirian	311.4 *
			Vereian	313.8
			Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian	315.2
			Cheremshanian	316.9 *
			Cheremshanian	Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Prikamian		318.6 *
			Severokeltmian		319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian	Lousuan	321.2 *
			Voznesenian	Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Dewunian	323.2
			Protvian		324.4 *
			Steshevian		326.8 *
			Tarusian		329 *
			Tarusian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Venevian		330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Aleksinian	Jiusian	335 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
						Dolgellian/Trempealeauan					Sunwaptan	487.5
						Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
						Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids		Marjumian	Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan		Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran						Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai			Waucoban †						509
									Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
							Dyeran		Toyonian					511 *
									Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
							Montezuman							514.8 *
							Montezuman		Atdabanian					515.6 *
							Begadean		Atdabanian					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian					521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
															538.8