PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cambrian of Britain		North American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ammonite Chrons of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Saintaugustinean						0
				Meghalayan			Santarosean						0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean						0.014
				Chibanian			Rancholabrean						0.129
				Chibanian			Irvingtonian						0.21
				Calabrian			Irvingtonian						0.774
				Calabrian			Blancan						1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †					2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean			Hemphillian						4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian			Clarendonian						9.4
				Serravallian			Clarendonian						11.63
				Serravallian			Barstovian						12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
							Hemingfordian						16.3
							Arikareean						18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
				Rupelian									27.82
							Whitneyan						29.5
							Orellan						31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian			Chadronian						33.9
				Priabonian			Duchesnean						37
				Bartonian			Duchesnean						37.71
				Bartonian			Uintan						39.7
				Lutetian			Uintan						41.2
				Lutetian			Bridgerian						46.2
				Ypresian			Bridgerian						47.8
							Wasatchian						50.5
							Clarkforkian						54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Clarkforkian						56
				Thanetian			Tiffanian						56.2
				Selandian			Tiffanian						59.2
				Selandian			Torrejonian						60.9
				Danian			Torrejonian						61.6
				Danian			Puercan						63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras		168.2
				Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
				Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
Planulata					179.3 *
Planulata					Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
Kanense						181.3 *
Carlottense						182.3 *
Kunae						183.5 *
Kunae				Pliensbachian		184.2
Freboldi						185.1 *
Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras						Canadensis			190.3 *
				Sinemurian					192.9
Pseudaetomoceras					Psiloceras				196.4 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites									196.5 *
Franziceras/Euphyllites				Hettangian					199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean							Shangsian	330.9
			Visean							Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids			Series 3 †	497
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Caerfai				509
		Series 2	Stage 3									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										538.8
		Cryogenian		635
		Tonian		720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000
		Ectasian		1200
		Calymmian		1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian		1600
		Orosirian		1800
		Rhyacian		2050
		Siderian		2300
Archean	Neoarchean			2500
	Mesoarchean			2800
	Paleoarchean			3200
	Eoarchean			3600
Hadean				4000
													4600