PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene					Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene							3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene							5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene							7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene							11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene							13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene							15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene							20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †						298.9
Xiaodushanian				Gzhelian			300 *
Xiaodushanian				Kasimovian			303.7
Dalaun							305.8 *
							305.9
				Moscovian			307
				Bashkirian			315.2
Huashibanian							318.5 *
Lousuan							321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian			330.9
			Visean	Jiusian			335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									1000
		Ectasian									1200
		Calymmian									1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian									1600
		Orosirian									1800
		Rhyacian									2050
		Siderian									2300
Archean	Neoarchean										2500
	Mesoarchean										2800
	Paleoarchean										3200
	Eoarchean										3600
Hadean											4000
												4600