PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene									Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Artinskian												283.5
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian												293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Moscovian												307
		Bashkirian												315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
							Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
			Vormsi						449.6 *
			Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
			Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
							Gisbornian	Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
								Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland					Kunda		462.9 *
								Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Yapeenian				467.3
							Castlemainian				468.5 *
							Castlemainian	Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian				470
							Chewtonian		Latorp †		470.1 *
							Bendigonian				471.8 *
							Lancefieldian				473.5 *
								Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg			477.7
								Varangu			481.3 *
								Pakerort			482.2 *
							Warendian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
														509