PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene													0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene											Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene													7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene													11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene													13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene													33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene													37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene													56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian						Wordian								264.28
				Roadian						Roadian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
				Kungurian							Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian							Hessian							283.5
				Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
				Sakmarian							Lenoxian							290.1
Asselian				Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian		Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
					Kralodvorian				Vormsi	449.6 *
					Berounian				Vormsi	449.7 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian						Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Kukruse				456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
							Liben †						458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
					Dobrotivian								458.5 *
					Dobrotivian				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
					Oretanian				Lasnamagi				459.7 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
							Sarka †		Aseri				461.7 *
								Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
									Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Klabava †							467.3
					Arenigian									468
									Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
										Latorp †				470.1 *
									Hunneberg					473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Hunneberg					477.7
									Varangu					481.3 *
									Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Pakerort	485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †				497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian													1800
		Rhyacian													2050
		Siderian													2300
Archean	Neoarchean														2500
	Mesoarchean														2800
	Paleoarchean														3200
	Eoarchean														3600
Hadean															4000
																		4600