PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Pamirs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene																0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene																0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene														Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene																5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene																7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene																11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene																13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene																15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene												Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene												Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene												Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene												Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene																41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene													Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene												Gashatan				56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene																59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Senonian							66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Gallic							100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian										Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian																	208.5
		Carnian																	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Dorashamian	Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian			Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian											Wordian						264.28
											Noginskian								264.9 *
										Murgabian									266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian			Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian			Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
										Kubergandian	Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
										Bolorian									279.8
														Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian																	283.5
										Yakhtashian									286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian			303.7
						Khamovnikian			304.8
						Krevyakinian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian			307
						Podolskian			308.9 *
						Kashirian			311.4 *
						Vereian			313.8
						Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian			315.2
						Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Cheremshanian		Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Prikamian			318.6 *
						Severokeltmian			319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		Lousuan	321.2 *
						Voznesenian		Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			Dewunian		323.2
			Protvian					324.4 *
			Steshevian					326.8 *
			Tarusian					329 *
			Tarusian			Shangsian		330.8 *
		Visean	Venevian					330.9
			Mikhailovian					331.9 *
			Aleksinian					333.7 *
			Aleksinian			Jiusian		335 *
			Tulian					335.8 *
			Bobrikian					339.9 *
			Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian			Tangbagouan		346.7
			Kizelian					350.7 *
			Cherepetian					351.9 *
			Karakubian					354.4 *
			Upinian					356.3 *
			Malevkian					357.6 *
			Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian	445.2
									Richmondian	446 *
									Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian		450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
									Turinian		453.7 *
								Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Dapingian										467.3
		Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian		Tulean	473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Tulean	477.7
				Stairsian	480.3 *
				Skullrockian	Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Skullrockian						485.4
		Stage 10								487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509