PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene									Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene									Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian		MN 17								Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian		MN 17								Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	MN 16								Mangapanian	Tertiary †	2.58
				MN 16								Waipipian		3
				MN 15										3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene											3.6
												Opoitian		3.7
				MN 14										4.2
				MN 13										4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene								Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian		MN 12										7.246
				MN 11										7.75
				MN 10										8.7
				MN 9										9.7
				MN 9							Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				MN 7 + 8										11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8										11.63
				MN 6										12.8 *
				MN 6								Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian		MN 5								Lillburnian		13.82
												Clifdenian		15.1
											Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	MN 4										15.98
				MN 3										16.9
				MN 3								Otaian		18.7
				MN 2										20
		Aquitanian												20.44
											Landon	Waitakian		21.7
				MN 1										22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene											23.03
												Duntroonian		25.2
												Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene											33.9
											Arnold	Runangan		34.6
												Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene									Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian		41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
												Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene									Heretaungan		47.8
												Mangaorapan		48.9
												Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene									Teurian		56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Senonian					Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian										Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
												Mangaotanean		90.5
												Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian			93.9							Arowhanan
					Clarence		Ngaterian	95.2
							Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Gallic	Motuan	100.5
							Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai		Korangan	108.4
		Aptian					Korangan	113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian				Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian						Urzhumian			264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Filipovian					276.5 *
				Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian				Sarginian	283.5
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian				Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian				Shikhanian	293.52
								Uskalykian	294.8
								Surenian	297.5
								Surenian	Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel		298.9
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian									Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian						Westphalian D		307.4 *
									Westphalian C		309.8
									Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B		315.2
									Westphalian A		317 *
			Namurian						Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian		323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian						Brigantian †		330.9
			Livian						Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian						346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian						353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Harju			Porkuni		443.8
		Katian			Bolindian				Pirgu		445.2
					Eastonian				Pirgu		449 *
									Vormsi		449.6 *
									Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
						Viru			Rakvere			450.6 *
					Gisbornian				Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
									Haljala	453.9
									Kukruse	456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
						Oeland			Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian							467.3
					Castlemainian							468.5 *
					Castlemainian				Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian							470
					Chewtonian					Latorp †		470.1 *
					Bendigonian							471.8 *
					Lancefieldian							473.5 *
				Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg				477.7
				Varangu				481.3 *
				Pakerort				482.2 *
					Warendian			482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †		504.5
														509