PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Tarantian												0.0117
				Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Ionian												0.129
				Calabrian	Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian	Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene											Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian	Late Miocene													7.246
				Serravallian	Middle Miocene													11.63
				Langhian	Middle Miocene													13.82
				Burdigalian	Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian	Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian	Middle Eocene								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian	Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian	Early Eocene									Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene								Gashatan					56
				Selandian	Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian	Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian														251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian														259.51
				Wordian														264.28
				Roadian														266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
				Artinskian														283.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian							Bursumian †							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian							298.9
				Gzhelian							Virgilian				Xiaodushanian			300 *
				Kasimovian							Missourian				Xiaodushanian			303.7
											Missourian				Dalaun			305.8 *
Desmoinesian							305.9 *
Desmoinesian				Moscovian			307
Atokan				Moscovian		312.7 *
Atokan				Bashkirian		315.2
Morrowan						318.4 *
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	330.9
						Jiusian	335 *
				Meramecian			335.8 *
				Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian	Osagean		Tangbagouan	346.7
			Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju		Porkuni	443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
					Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
	Tremadocian		477.7				Hunneberg
			Varangu				481.3 *
			Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort					485.4
								486.3 *
								486.5
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635