PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene	Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian		Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian		Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Vorohuean					Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Chapadmalalan						3.6
				Montehermosan						3.7 *
				Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
				Chasicoan						7.9 *
				Mayoan						9.9 *
				Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian		Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian		Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian		Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	Friasian						15.98
				Santacrucian						16.2 *
				Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian		Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian		Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene							23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene							27.82
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene	Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Riochican						56
				Itaboraian						56.9 *
				Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene							61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian	330.9
		Visean				Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian	Paibian				494
		Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Drumian	Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian					530.7
										538.8