PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian		Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian			3
				Zanclean							Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian			23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian			56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian							Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
											Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan			93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
											Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan			100.5
											Urutawan			103.3
										Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian							Korangan			113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
			Visean					Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †						497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635