PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6		0
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian								0.129
				Calabrian								0.774
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †					2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5		11.63
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3		33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3		37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2		41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1		56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8		66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7		72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6		83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4		100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3		113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2		121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2		125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1		132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6		145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5		149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4		165.3
				Bajocian						Jurassic 4		168.2
				Aalenian						Jurassic 3		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3		174.7
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2		184.2
				Sinemurian						Jurassic 1		192.9
				Hettangian						Jurassic 1		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4		201.4
				Norian						Triassic 4		208.5
				Carnian						Triassic 3		227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2		237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2		242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1		247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1		251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Permian 4		251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
				Wordian								264.28
				Roadian						Permian 3		266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Permian 2		273.01
				Artinskian								283.5
				Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian						Permian 1		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
Kasimovian				303.7							Mapingian †
Kasimovian					305.9
Moscovian					Carboniferous 4	307
Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4	315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	Late Famennian			358.9
						Middle Famennian			365.3 *
						Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian		Devonian 4	Late Frasnian			372.2
						Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
						Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	Late Givetian			382.7
						Middle Givetian			383.7 *
						Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian			Late Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian			390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	Late Emsian			393.3
			Emsian		Devonian 2	Early Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian		Devonian 1	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian			410.8
						Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1		433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5		443.8
			Katian		Ordovician 5		445.2
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5		485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †		Cambrian 4		497
			Drumian				Cambrian 4		500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
		Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
												635