PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of North America						Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																	Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
		Serravallian																			11.63
		Langhian																			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																			33.9
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Ypresian																			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																			56
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Pliensbachian																			184.2
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																			201.4
		Norian																			208.5
		Carnian																			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Artinskian																			283.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian																		298.9
		Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian																	300 *
		Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian																	303.7
		Kasimovian		Dalaun																	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian																		307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian																		315.2
				Huashibanian																	318.5 *
				Lousuan																	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian	330.9
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
							Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
							Cautleyan			448.9 *
							Pusgillian			449.3 *
						Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
									Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian			450.4 *
								Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian										453
										Actonian †		453.2 *
									Turinian	Actonian †		453.7 *
										Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Aurelucian						456.8 *
								Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
						Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
									Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Whitlandian		Blackhillsian						471.1 *
							Whitlandian		Tulean						473.9 *
							Moridunian								474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian								477.7
							Migneintian		Stairsian						480.3 *
							Cressagian		Stairsian						480.8 *
									Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
															Mansian †	483.55 *
															Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10																487.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
															Aksaian			490.7 *
															Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian																494
		Paibian															Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian													Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian													Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan													Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Amgan/Solvan					509
															Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
															Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3	514												Botomian
		Stage 3	Atdabanian												515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian												521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †											529
																					538.8