PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran									0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian									0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian									0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan									1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan									1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian									3
				Zanclean		Waipipian									3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian									3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan									7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan									7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan									11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan									11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian									13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian									13.82
						Clifdenian									15.1
					Pareora	Altonian									15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian									15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian									18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian									20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian									21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian									23.03
						Duntroonian									25.2
						Whaingaroan									27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
					Arnold	Runangan									34.6
						Kaiatan									36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan									37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian									39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian									41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
						Heretaungan									45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan									47.8
						Mangaorapan									48.9
						Waipawan									52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian									56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Senonian		66
				Campanian		Haumurian									72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan									83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
						Mangaotanean									90.5
						Arowhanan									93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan									93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
						Motuan									99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							Gallic		100.5
						Urutawan									103.3
					Taitai	Korangan									108.4
				Aptian		Korangan									113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
			Kimmeridgian				149.2
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Pliensbachian				184.2
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
			Norian				208.5
			Carnian				227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian				Wordian		264.28
			Roadian				Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian				Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian							Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian			489.5
			Paibian			494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
		Ediacaran						Vendian			Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian						Karatau					800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau					1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan					1375
															1400