PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian											0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian											0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan											1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan											1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian											2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian									Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian											3
		Zanclean		Waipipian											3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian											3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean											5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan											7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan											7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan											11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan						Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian											13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian											13.82
				Clifdenian											15.1
			Pareora	Altonian											15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian											15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian											18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian											20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian											21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						Cenozoic 4					23.03
				Duntroonian											25.2
				Whaingaroan											27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3					33.9
			Arnold	Runangan											34.6
				Kaiatan											36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan											37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian											39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian						Cenozoic 2					41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan											42.6
				Heretaungan											45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan											47.8
				Mangaorapan											48.9
				Waipawan											52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian						Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian		Haumurian						Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan						Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan											86.1
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
				Mangaotanean											90.5
				Arowhanan											93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan						Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian											95.2
				Motuan											99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan						Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Urutawan											103.3
			Taitai	Korangan											108.4
		Aptian		Korangan						Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian			139.8					Cretaceous 1
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian				Wordian		264.28
		Roadian			Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian			283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian			290.1
		Asselian				Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean						Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Devonian 5	Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean		Devonian 4	Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian		382.7
												Middle Givetian	383.7 *
												Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian						Southwoodian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian						Southwoodian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian						Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian									Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian										Late Lochkovian	410.8
												Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
												Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5							443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5							445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian	Cambrian 5							485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian								486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian								489.5
		Paibian	Idamean								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Cambrian 4							Series 3 †		497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian										499
		Drumian	Undillan										500.5
		Drumian	Floran										503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Cambrian 3			Stage 5 †						504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian				Stage 5 †						507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian										509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1									529
															538.8