PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic				Ordovician of North America						Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ammonite Chrons of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran															0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian															0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian															0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan															1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan															1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian															2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian														Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian															3
		Zanclean		Waipipian															3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian															3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean															5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan															7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan															7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan															11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan															11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian															13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian															13.82
				Clifdenian															15.1
			Pareora	Altonian															15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian															15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian															18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian															20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian															21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian															23.03
				Duntroonian															25.2
				Whaingaroan															27.3
		Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan															34.6
				Kaiatan															36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan															37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian															39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian															41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan															42.6
				Heretaungan															45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan															47.8
				Mangaorapan															48.9
				Waipawan															52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian															56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian															66
		Campanian		Haumurian															72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan															83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan															86.1
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
				Mangaotanean															90.5
				Arowhanan															93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan															93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian															95.2
				Motuan															99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan															100.5
				Urutawan															103.3
			Taitai	Korangan															108.4
		Aptian		Korangan															113
		Aptian																	117.5
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
					Planulata	179.3 *
					Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
					Kanense		181.3 *
					Carlottense		182.3 *
					Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae		184.2
					Freboldi		185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian						192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian	330.9
		Visean							Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian						427.4
		Homerian		Whitwellian						429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju						Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian								Pirgu		Gamachian	445.2
										Pirgu		Richmondian	446 *
										Vormsi		Richmondian	449.6 *
										Vormsi		Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Nabala		Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
										Nabala		Edenian			450.4 *
				Viru						Rakvere		Edenian			450.6 *
										Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
										Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian								Keila				Idavere †	453
										Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
										Haljala					453.9
										Kukruse					456.4 *
										Kukruse	Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
										Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Uhaku						458.4
							Lasnamagi			458.9 *
							Aseri			460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
		Dapingian								467.3
										Rangerian		469.1 *
					Billingen					Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
						Latorp †									470.1 *
					Hunneberg										473.7 *
								Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean			Ungurian				477.7
								Stairsian							480.3 *
					Varangu			Stairsian							481.3 *
					Varangu			Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
					Pakerort									Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort									Batyrbaian	485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
															487.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
														Aksaian	490.7 *
														Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian												Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Ayusokkanian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian														499.5
		Drumian												Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian												Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan												Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan														Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
														Toyonian		510 *
														Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3												Botomian		514
		Stage 3												Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												Tommotian		521
																			525.5