PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126175 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Tertiary †	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A												33.9
		Bartonian					MP 16												37.71
		Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11												41.2
		Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5											56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian														72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian														100.5
					Middle Albian														106.2 *
					Early Albian														109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian														113
		Aptian			Early Aptian														119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian														139.8
					Middle Berriasian														140.6 *
					Early Berriasian														142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian													145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian													146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian														149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian														150
				Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian														152.2 *
				Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian														154.5
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian													154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian													157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian														161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian														164.3
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian														168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian														168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian														174.7
			Herangi	Ururoan	Late Toarcian														176
					Middle Toarcian														180.4 *
					Early Toarcian														182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian														184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian														188.9
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian															201.4
		Norian		Warepan	Sevatian														208.5
					Alaunian														213.2 *
					Lacian														216.7 *
				Otamitan															217
				Oretian															221
		Carnian		Oretian	Tuvalian														227
			Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian														227.5
					Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian				237
				Etalian	Longobardian				238
					Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
				Malakovian	Aegean				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian				247.2
					Smithian				248.9 *
				Nelsonian	Smithian				249
		Induan			Dienerian				251.2
					Griesbachian				251.4 *
			DUrville	Makarewan	Griesbachian				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan				254.2
				Puruhauan				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			Urzhumian			266
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
				Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian		276
								Filipovian		276.5 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
				Telfordian				Sarginian		285
								Irginian		285.9 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
								Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian									Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian									Xiaodushanian	303.7
						Dalaun					305.8 *
											305.9
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
						Huashibanian					318.5 *
						Lousuan					321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian					323.2
		Serpukhovian				Shangsian					330.8 *
		Visean				Shangsian					330.9
		Visean				Jiusian					335 *
		Tournaisian				Tangbagouan					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian							Paibian			494
		Paibian							Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian			Wangcunian †			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							Drumian			Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan							Wuliuan/Taijangian							Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian								509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian								521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian								529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian								530.7
																			538.8