PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126557 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian						66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic						100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan										150
				Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian		Warepan										208.5
				Otamitan										217
				Oretian										221
		Carnian		Oretian										227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian		Etalian										238
		Anisian		Etalian										242
		Anisian		Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
		Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan										251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian										253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Barettian		266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10						Niuchehean		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Paibian			494
		Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Marjumian	Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					Marjumian		Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan					Topazan		Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran		Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian				509
		Stage 4					Dyeran		Duyunian				511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran		Nangaoian				514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian				530.7
														538.8