PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian		Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
		Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian					Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
							Clifdenian			15.1
						Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
							Duntroonian			25.2
							Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
						Arnold	Runangan			34.6
							Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian			41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
							Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan			47.8
							Mangaorapan			48.9
							Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian					Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean			90.5
							Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan			93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
							Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan			100.5
							Urutawan			103.3
						Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian					Korangan			113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian				259.51
		Wordian		Flettian				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian				266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian				283.5
				Telfordian				285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian	330.9
		Visean						Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		443.8
		Katian			Bolindian		445.2
					Eastonian		449 *
					Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian			Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian			Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian		470
					Bendigonian		471.8 *
					Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian			Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
										509