PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian								Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian			Ruscinian										3.1 *
		Zanclean			Ruscinian										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Turolian										5.333
		Tortonian			Turolian										7.246
		Tortonian			Vallesian										8.7
		Serravallian			Astaracian										11.63
		Langhian			Astaracian										13.82
		Burdigalian			Orleanian										15.98
		Burdigalian			Agenian										20
		Aquitanian			Agenian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian				Autunian									283.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian											298.9
		Gzhelian										Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian										Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian										Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian											307
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
				Huashibanian			318.5 *
				Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
			Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
			Middle Givetian		383.7 *
			Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
								Aksaian				490.7 *
								Sakian				492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian			Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian							Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan				Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran								Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †						509
									Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
					Dyeran				Toyonian					511 *
									Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3												514
					Montezuman	514.8 *
					Montezuman	Atdabanian				515.6 *
					Begadean	Atdabanian				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	529
															538.8