PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian								Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian										3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian										5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian										7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian										8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian										11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian										15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian										20
		Aquitanian	Agenian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Zechstein								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Rotliegendes									259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian		Autunian									283.5
		Sakmarian											290.1
		Asselian											293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
		Gzhelian								Xiaodushanian			300 *
		Kasimovian								Xiaodushanian			303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian			315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
						Aksaian				490.7 *
						Sakian				492.2 *
									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian			Albertian †	Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan				Amgan/Solvan				Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								Stage 5 †	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Waucoban †						509
							Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
			Dyeran				Toyonian					511 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Montezuman				Atdabanian					515.6 *
			Begadean				Atdabanian					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian					521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
													538.8