PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian Epochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian								Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian										3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian										5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian										7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian										8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian										11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian										13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian										15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian										20
		Aquitanian	Agenian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites								168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum							168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense							174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons								180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum								182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni								184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi								192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian								Longtanian †	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan									259.51
		Wordian		Kuhfengian									264.28
		Roadian		Kuhfengian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian									273.01
		Artinskian		Luodianian									283.5
		Artinskian		Longlinian									285.4 *
		Sakmarian		Longlinian									290.1
		Asselian		Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †				483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian							489.5
			Aksaian							490.7 *
			Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian								494
		Paibian						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian						Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan			Early Cambrian					509
			Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian								514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
													538.8