PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian			Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian					3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian					3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian					7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian					8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian					11.63
				Langhian	Astaracian					13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian					15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian					20
				Aquitanian	Agenian					20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
				Bartonian						37.71
				Lutetian						41.2
				Ypresian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						56
				Selandian						59.2
				Danian						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
				Campanian						72.1
				Santonian						83.6
				Coniacian						86.3
				Turonian						89.8
				Cenomanian						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
				Aptian						113
				Barremian						121.4
				Hauterivian						125.77
				Valanginian						132.6
				Berriasian						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
				Kimmeridgian						149.2
				Oxfordian						154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
				Bathonian						165.3
				Bajocian						168.2
				Aalenian						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
				Pliensbachian						184.2
				Sinemurian						192.9
				Hettangian						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
				Norian						208.5
				Carnian						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
				Wordian						264.28
				Roadian						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
				Artinskian						283.5
				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
				Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian			300 *
				Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian			303.7
				Kasimovian			Dalaun			305.8 *
				Moscovian						307
Bashkirian				315.2
				Huashibanian		318.5 *
				Lousuan		321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian		323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian		330.9
			Visean	Jiusian		335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan		346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian						Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau	1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan	1375
										1400