PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					European Faunal Units	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian										Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Ruscinian											3.1 *
				Zanclean	Ruscinian											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian	Turolian											5.333
				Tortonian	Turolian											7.246
				Tortonian	Vallesian											8.7
				Serravallian	Astaracian											11.63
				Langhian	Astaracian											13.82
				Burdigalian	Orleanian											15.98
				Burdigalian	Agenian											20
				Aquitanian	Agenian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan				56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan							150
									Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian					Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian					Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian					Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian					Warepan							208.5
									Otamitan							217
									Oretian							221
				Carnian					Oretian							227
				Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian					Etalian							238
				Anisian					Etalian							242
				Anisian					Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian					Nelsonian							249
				Induan					Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan				DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan							251.902
				Changhsingian					Waiitian							253.2
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		254.14			Waiitian
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
			Wordian			Flettian		264.28
			Wordian			Barettian		266
			Roadian					266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Gzhelian		Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Kasimovian		Xiaodushanian			303.7
			Kasimovian		Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
					Huashibanian			318.5 *
					Lousuan			321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Dewunian			323.2
			Serpukhovian		Shangsian			330.8 *
			Visean		Shangsian			330.9
			Visean		Jiusian			335 *
			Tournaisian		Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Branchian				509
			Stage 3				Branchian				514
			Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																635