PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian								0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean						Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean								3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian								11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian								11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian								13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian								15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan								16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian							100.5
				Middle Albian							106.2 *
				Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian							113
		Aptian		Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian							139.8
				Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
				Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian							174.7
				Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
				Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian		Sevatian							208.5
				Alaunian							213.2 *
				Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian							227
		Carnian		Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Gzhelian	Xiaodushanian							300 *
		Kasimovian	Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian	Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
			Huashibanian			318.5 *
			Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian			330.9
		Visean	Jiusian			335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
											509