PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126691 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		European Faunal Units	Devonian of France	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian							0.129
				Calabrian							0.774
				Gelasian							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean			Villanyian		Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian				Ruscinian			3.1 *
				Zanclean							3.6
				Zanclean	Baodean						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				Turolian			5.333
				Tortonian				Turolian			7.246
								Vallesian			8.7
					Tunggurian			Vallesian			11.1
				Serravallian	Tunggurian			Astaracian			11.63
				Langhian	Shanwangian			Astaracian			13.82
				Burdigalian	Shanwangian			Orleanian			15.98
					Xiejiaan			Orleanian			16.9
								Agenian			20
				Aquitanian				Agenian			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan				145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan				150
							Heterian				154.5
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan				164.3
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan				176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan				184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran				188.9
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
				Norian			Warepan				208.5
							Otamitan				217
							Oretian				221
				Carnian			Oretian				227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237			Kaihikuan
			Ladinian	Etalian			238
			Anisian	Etalian			242
			Anisian	Malakovian			246
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Malakovian			247.2
			Olenekian	Nelsonian			249
			Induan	Nelsonian			251.2
			Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	Longtanian †		254.14
			Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	Longtanian †		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian			259.51
			Wordian			Flettian			264.28
			Wordian			Barettian			266
			Roadian						266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
			Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian			Mangapirian			283.5
						Telfordian			285
									288.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian		Coblencien			408.2 *
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †	497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								1000
		Ectasian								1200
		Calymmian								1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian								1600
		Orosirian								1800
		Rhyacian								2050
		Siderian								2300
Archean	Neoarchean									2500
	Mesoarchean									2800
	Paleoarchean									3200
	Eoarchean									3600
Hadean										4000
											4600