PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean				0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean				0.129
				Chibanian				Irvingtonian				0.21
				Calabrian				Irvingtonian				0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan				1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean								3.6
				Zanclean				Hemphillian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian				Clarendonian				9.4
				Serravallian				Clarendonian				11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian				12.5
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
								Hemingfordian				16.3
								Arikareean				18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
				Rupelian	Kekeamuan							27.82
								Whitneyan				29.5
								Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Chadronian				33.9
				Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Duchesnean				37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan				41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian				46.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian		Bridgerian				47.8
								Wasatchian				50.5
								Clarkforkian				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan			Clarkforkian				56
				Thanetian	Gashatan			Tiffanian				56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian				59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian				60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian				61.6
				Danian				Puercan				63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
			Wordian				264.28
			Roadian				266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Artinskian				283.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †		298.9
			Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
									Dalaun	305.8 *
										305.9
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
									Huashibanian	318.5 *
									Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian						Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean						Shangsian	330.9
			Visean						Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian						Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian						Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau		1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan		1375
												1400