PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
				Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian		Bumbanian								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan									56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Artinskian										283.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †			298.9
				Kasimovian							Mapingian †			303.7
				Kasimovian										305.9
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian		470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10		Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10			Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian			Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian			Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		St Davids		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Caerfai				509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
														635