PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Saintaugustinean																0
		Meghalayan	Santarosean																0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean																0.014
		Chibanian	Rancholabrean																0.129
		Chibanian	Irvingtonian																0.21
		Calabrian	Irvingtonian																0.774
		Calabrian	Blancan																1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean	Hemphillian																4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian	Clarendonian																9.4
		Serravallian	Clarendonian																11.63
		Serravallian	Barstovian																12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
			Hemingfordian																16.3
			Arikareean																18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
			Whitneyan																29.5
			Orellan																31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian																33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean																37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean																37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan																39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan																41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian																46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian																47.8
			Wasatchian																50.5
			Clarkforkian																54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian																56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian																56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian																59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian																60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian																61.6
		Danian	Puercan																63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Pliensbachian																	184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian		Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian				Kralodvorian		Wufeng †	Bohdalec †		Pirgu	445.2
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									Pirgu	449.5
												Vormsi	449.6 *
							Berounian					Vormsi	449.7 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse				456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
										Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian					Guniu †/Hulo								458.4
							Dobrotivian									458.5 *
							Dobrotivian					Lasnamagi				458.9 *
							Oretanian					Lasnamagi				459.7 *
												Aseri				460.4 *
										Sarka †		Aseri				461.7 *
											Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
													Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo							466.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian							Klabava †							467.3
							Arenigian										468
												Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian														470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
												Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Tremadocian										477.7
									Lianghekou †								477.9 *
												Varangu					481.3 *
					Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort								485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †				497
		Drumian															500.5
		Wuliuan															Stage 5 †	504.5
																			509