PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran				0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian												0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian												0.129
					Cudahyan/Sappan												0.21
													Castlecliffian				0.34
				Calabrian													0.774
					Senecan/Rexroadian												1.4
													Nukumaruan				1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan				1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian				2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian			Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian				3
				Zanclean									Waipipian				3.6
													Opoitian				3.7
					Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian								Opoitian				4.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan				7.2
				Tortonian													7.246
					Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian												9.4
												Southland	Waiauan				11.04
				Serravallian													11.63
					late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian												12.5
													Lillburnian				13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian				13.82
													Clifdenian				15.1
												Pareora	Altonian				15.9
				Burdigalian													15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian												16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian											18.5
													Otaian				18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian				20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian				21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
						Monroecreekian											23.1 *
						Geringian											24.7 *
													Duntroonian				25.2
													Whaingaroan				27.3
				Rupelian													27.82
				Rupelian													29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian												33.9
												Arnold	Runangan				34.6
													Kaiatan				36.7
																	37
				Bartonian													37.71
													Bortonian				39.1
					Late Uintan/Early Uintan												39.7
				Lutetian													41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
													Heretaungan				45.7
					Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian												46.2
				Ypresian													47.8
													Mangaorapan				48.9
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Mangaorapan				50.5
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Waipawan				52
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Waipawan				54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Teurian				56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1										56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1										59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1										60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1										61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1										63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian				66
Campanian				72.1									Haumurian
Santonian				Piripauan				83.6
Santonian				Raukumara				Teratan	86.1
Coniacian									86.3
Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean	90.5
								Arowhanan	93.7
Cenomanian								Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence				Ngaterian	95.2
								Motuan	99.5
Early Cretaceous			Albian					Motuan	100.5
								Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai				Korangan	108.4
			Aptian					Korangan	113
			Aptian						117.5
			Barremian						121.4
			Hauterivian						125.77
			Valanginian						132.6
			Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
			Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Severodvinian					259.51
			Wordian			Urzhumian					264.28
			Roadian			Kazanian				Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian				Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian				Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
										Filipovian	276.5 *
										Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian				Sarginian	283.5
										Irginian	285.9 *
										Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian				Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian				Shikhanian	293.52
										Uskalykian	294.8
										Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian		303.7
			Moscovian		307
			Bashkirian		315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
			Visean		330.9
			Tournaisian		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju		Porkuni				443.8
			Katian				Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †			450 *
					Viru		Rakvere				450.6 *
							Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian	Keila			Idavere †	453
				Haljala				453.9
				Kukruse				456.4 *
				Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Uhaku				458.4
				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
					Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka			467.1 *
			Dapingian		Volkhov						467.3
			Dapingian		Billingen						469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
							Latorp †				470.1 *
					Hunneberg						473.7 *
			Tremadocian		Hunneberg						477.7
					Varangu						481.3 *
					Pakerort						482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort		485.4
							486.3 *
							486.5
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635