PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian									0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian									0.129
		Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
		Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan									0.774
		Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									9.4
		Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									11.63
		Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									16.3
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
				Monroecreekian								23.1 *
				Geringian								24.7 *
		Rupelian		Geringian			Kekeamuan					27.82
		Rupelian					Kekeamuan					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
		Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					37
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
		Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan									41.2
		Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					Bumbanian				47.8
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean									50.5
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Gashatan					56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Gashatan					56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1							60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1							61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1							63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian		300 *
		Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian		303.7
		Kasimovian							Dalaun		305.8 *
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
									Huashibanian		318.5 *
									Lousuan		321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian		323.2
		Serpukhovian		Shangsian					330.8 *
		Visean		Shangsian					330.9
		Visean		Jiusian					335 *
		Tournaisian		Tangbagouan					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian	Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †		497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
												509