PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126002 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of China			Cambrian of China	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian											0.0117
				Chibanian	Sheridanian											0.129
				Chibanian	Cudahyan/Sappan											0.21
				Calabrian	Cudahyan/Sappan											0.774
				Calabrian	Senecan/Rexroadian											1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian											4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											9.4
				Serravallian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian											11.63
				Serravallian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian											12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
					Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian											16.3
					late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian										18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
						Monroecreekian										23.1 *
						Geringian										24.7 *
				Rupelian		Geringian										27.82
				Rupelian												29.5
			Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											33.9
				Priabonian												37
				Bartonian												37.71
				Bartonian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan											39.7
				Lutetian	Late Uintan/Early Uintan											41.2
				Lutetian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											46.2
				Ypresian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian											47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean											50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									56
				Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									56.2
				Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									59.2
				Selandian			To3/To2/To1									60.9
				Danian			To3/To2/To1									61.6
				Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1									63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
Carnian				227
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	237
Middle Triassic			Anisian	242
Early Triassic			Olenekian	247.2
Early Triassic			Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †				254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian		330.9
			Visean			Jiusian		335 *
			Tournaisian			Tangbagouan		346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
			Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou		Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian			Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
			Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian			Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian				470
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian				477.7
			Tremadocian			Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian							Paibian		494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
			Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian							Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian									509
		Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian									514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian									521
			Fortunian	Meishucunian									529
			Fortunian	Jinnigian									530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																1400