PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian					Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian					Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan					Middle Pleistocene									0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan					Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †													1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean					Late Pliocene								Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan					Late Pliocene									2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan					Early Pliocene									3.6
			Montehermosan														3.7 *
			Huayquerian														4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
			Chasicoan														7.9 *
			Mayoan														9.9 *
			Laventan														10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan					Middle Miocene									11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran														13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran														13.82
		Langhian	Friasian														15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian					Early Miocene									15.98
			Santacrucian														16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian														17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian														20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan														20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene									27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican					Early Oligocene									28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican					Late Eocene									33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan					Late Eocene									35.9 *
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan														41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan					Early Eocene									47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran					Early Eocene									47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican					Late Paleocene									56
			Itaboraian														56.9 *
			Peligran														58.9 *
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan					Early Paleocene									62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras												168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense												168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta												174.7
					Planulata												179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi										179.8 *
					Kanense	181.3 *
					Carlottense	182.3 *
					Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae	184.2
					Freboldi	185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras			186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras			189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian									Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Bolindian		Pirgu	445.2
										Eastonian		Pirgu	449 *
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Gisbornian		Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian		Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian								Yapeenian					467.3
										Castlemainian					468.5 *
										Castlemainian		Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian					470
										Chewtonian			Latorp †		470.1 *
										Bendigonian					471.8 *
										Lancefieldian					473.5 *
					Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu	481.3 *
				Pakerort	482.2 *
					Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
										486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
																	509