PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of England			Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian												0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian												0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan												0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan												0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †											1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean											Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan												2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan												3.6
			Montehermosan												3.7 *
			Huayquerian												4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
			Chasicoan												7.9 *
			Mayoan												9.9 *
			Laventan												10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan												11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran												13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran												13.82
		Langhian	Friasian												15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian												15.98
			Santacrucian												16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian												17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian												20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan												20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican												28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican												33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan												35.9 *
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan												41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan												47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran												47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican												56
			Itaboraian												56.9 *
			Peligran												58.9 *
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan												62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian	Buildwas				426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian	Buildwas				427.4
		Homerian	Wych		Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Telychian					436.3 *
		Aeronian					438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian					443.8
		Katian	Bolindian					445.2
			Eastonian					449 *
			Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian					467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Bendigonian					471.8 *
			Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian					477.7
			Warendian					482.8 *
			Warendian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian											489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
									Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian		Mayan/Menevian						499.5
		Drumian		Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Amgan/Solvan						Stage 5 †				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Amgan/Solvan				Caerfai						509
				Toyonian							Lenian †			510 *
				Botomian										512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian										514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian										521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian							Manykaian †			529
															538.8