PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126606 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of China		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian	Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian	Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian	Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian	Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean					Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean	Chapadmalalan						3.6
			Montehermosan						3.7 *
			Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
			Chasicoan						7.9 *
			Mayoan						9.9 *
			Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian	Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian	Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian	Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian	Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian	Friasian						15.98
			Santacrucian						16.2 *
			Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
		Rupelian							27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican						56
			Itaboraian						56.9 *
			Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian	Paibian				494
		Paibian	Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian			Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian	Drumian			Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian					530.7
									538.8