PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of Siberia			Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian													0.0117
				Chibanian	Lujanian													0.129
				Chibanian	Ensenadan													0.3 *
				Calabrian	Ensenadan													0.774
				Calabrian	Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
				Gelasian	Sanandresian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean												Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian	Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
				Zanclean	Chapadmalalan													3.6
					Montehermosan													3.7 *
					Huayquerian													4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
					Chasicoan													7.9 *
					Mayoan													9.9 *
					Laventan													10.9 *
				Serravallian	Laventan													11.63
				Serravallian	Colloncuran													13.7 *
				Langhian	Colloncuran													13.82
				Langhian	Friasian													15.4 *
				Burdigalian	Friasian													15.98
					Santacrucian													16.2 *
					Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
				Aquitanian	Colhuehuapian													20.44
				Aquitanian	Deseadan													20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
				Rupelian											Kekeamuan			27.82
				Rupelian	Tinguirirican										Kekeamuan			28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
				Priabonian	Divisaderan										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			35.9 *
				Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Lutetian	Mustersan													41.9 *
				Ypresian	Mustersan											Bumbanian		47.8
				Ypresian	Casamayoran											Bumbanian		47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican										Gashatan			56
					Itaboraian													56.9 *
					Peligran													58.9 *
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
				Danian	Tiupampan													62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian			259.51
			Wordian	Wordian			264.28
			Roadian	Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian	Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean					Shangsian	330.9
			Visean					Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Gleedonian				427.4
			Homerian		Whitwellian				429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
			Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
									Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
									Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian						Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan			Branchian					509
						Toyonian				Lenian †				510 *
						Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3			Botomian								514
						Atdabanian								515.6 *
Placentian						Atdabanian			517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian			521
			Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
			Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian							Karatau							800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau							1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian							1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian							1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
																		1400