PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					South American Land Mammal Ages		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Meghalayan							Santarosean				0.0004
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Lujanian										0.0117
				Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean				0.014
				Chibanian							Rancholabrean				0.129
											Irvingtonian				0.21
					Ensenadan										0.3 *
													Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian											0.774
											Blancan				1.4
													Nukumaruan		1.63
					Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
				Gelasian											1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Vorohuean									Tertiary †	2.58
					Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
													Waipipian		3
				Zanclean									Waipipian		3.6
					Montehermosan								Opoitian		3.7 *
					Montehermosan						Hemphillian				4.7
					Huayquerian										4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
					Chasicoan										7.9 *
					Chasicoan						Clarendonian				9.4
					Mayoan										9.9 *
					Laventan										10.9 *
												Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian											11.63
											Barstovian				12.5
													Lillburnian		13.05
					Colloncuran										13.7 *
				Langhian											13.82
													Clifdenian		15.1
					Friasian								Clifdenian		15.4 *
												Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian											15.98
					Santacrucian										16.2 *
					Santacrucian						Hemingfordian				16.3
					Colhuehuapian						Hemingfordian				17.4 *
											Arikareean				18.5
													Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian											20.44
					Deseadan										20.9 *
												Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian		23.03
													Duntroonian		25.2
													Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian											27.82
					Tinguirirican										28.9 *
											Whitneyan				29.5
											Orellan				31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian				33.9
												Arnold	Runangan		34.6
					Divisaderan								Runangan		35.9 *
													Kaiatan		36.7
											Duchesnean				37
				Bartonian											37.71
													Bortonian		39.1
											Uintan				39.7
				Lutetian											41.2
Mustersan	41.9 *
	Dannevirke				Porangan		42.6
					Heretaungan		45.7
							Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian				47.8
Casamayoran								47.9 *
					Mangaorapan			48.9
					Mangaorapan		Wasatchian	50.5
					Waipawan		Wasatchian	52
					Waipawan		Clarkforkian	54.9
Paleocene			Thanetian	Riochican	Teurian		Clarkforkian	56
				Riochican			Tiffanian	56.2
				Itaboraian				56.9 *
				Peligran				58.9 *
			Selandian					59.2
			Selandian				Torrejonian	60.9
			Danian					61.6
				Tiupampan		62.4 *
				Tiupampan		Puercan	63.8
Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian		66
			Campanian				Haumurian		72.1
			Santonian				Piripauan		83.6
			Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
			Coniacian						86.3
			Turonian						89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
			Cenomanian				Arowhanan		93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
		Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
						Taitai	Korangan		108.4
			Aptian				Korangan		113
			Aptian						117.5
			Barremian						121.4
			Hauterivian						125.77
			Valanginian						132.6
			Berriasian						139.8
	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
	Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean							Shangsian	330.9
			Visean							Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Late Cambrian		Datsonian	485.4
							Payntonian	486.8 *
						Sunwaptan	Payntonian	487.5
			Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan	Iverian	489.5
			Jiangshanian			Steptoean	Iverian	493 *
			Paibian			Steptoean	Idamean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian	Albertian †	Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	Series 3 †			497
			Guzhangian				Boomerangian				499
			Drumian				Undillan				500.5
			Drumian				Floran				503
			Wuliuan	Topazan			Templetonian		Stage 5 †		504.5
				Delamaran			Templetonian				506.5
							Ordian				507.8 *
		Series 2	Stage 4		Waucoban †	Early Cambrian	Ordian				509
											510.8 *
				Dyeran							511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran							514
				Montezuman							514.8 *
				Begadean							519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Poundian †						538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †	Wonokan †						571.7 *
															635