PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian										Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Gashatan		56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan					150
								Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian						Warepan					208.5
								Otamitan					217
								Oretian					221
		Carnian						Oretian					227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian						Etalian					238
		Anisian						Etalian					242
		Anisian						Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian					249
		Induan						Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Zechstein		Waiitian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Zechstein		Puruhauan					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian					259.51
		Wordian			264.28			Flettian
		Wordian			Barettian			266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Lousuan					321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian					323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian					330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian					330.9
		Visean	Jiusian					335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian						Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
		Stage 3								Branchian	514
		Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8