PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian Subages	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian					Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian					Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7				Mapingian †
		Kasimovian				305.9
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5	Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Adorf	Devonian 4	Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Siegen	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1	529
										538.8