International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126138 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Mesozoic Subages | Ordovician of Australia | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Carboniferous Subepochs | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | ||||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | |||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | |||||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | |||||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
157.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | |||||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | |||||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | |||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | |||||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | |||||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | |||||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | Tuvalian | 227 | |||||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | |||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | Longobardian | 237 | ||||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | |||||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | |||||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | |||||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | |||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | Spathian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | |||||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | |||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | ||||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Longtanian † | 254.14 | ||||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | ||||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||||||
Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||||
Asselian | Permian 1 | 293.52 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | Late Pennsylvanian | Mapingian † | 298.9 | ||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||||
305.9 | ||||||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | ||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | |||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | 358.9 | ||||||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | 372.2 | ||||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | 382.7 | |||||||||||
Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | 393.3 | |||||||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | 407.6 | ||||||||||||
Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | Bolindian | 443.8 | |||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||||||
Eastonian | 449 * | |||||||||||||
Gisbornian | 452 * | |||||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | Yapeenian | 467.3 | |||||||||||
Castlemainian | 468.5 * | |||||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | Chewtonian | 470 | |||||||||||
Bendigonian | 471.8 * | |||||||||||||
Lancefieldian | 473.5 * | |||||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||||||
Warendian | 482.8 * | |||||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | ||||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | |||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Series 3 † | 497 | ||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Stage 5 † | 504.5 | |||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | ||||||||||||
538.8 |