PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125959 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian				Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian						3
		Zanclean				Waipipian						3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan						11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian						13.82
						Clifdenian						15.1
					Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian						15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian						23.03
						Duntroonian						25.2
						Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan						34.6
						Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian						41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
						Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan						47.8
						Mangaorapan						48.9
						Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				86.1
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
						Mangaotanean						90.5
						Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
						Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan		Late Albian				100.5
						Urutawan		Late Albian				103.3
						Urutawan		Middle Albian				106.2 *
					Taitai	Korangan		Middle Albian				108.4
								Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					Late Aptian				113
								Late Aptian				117.5
								Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2	Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian			139.8
				Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
				Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian	Jurassic 6		Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian			174.7
					Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
					Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian			Sevatian			208.5
					Alaunian			213.2 *
					Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Tuvalian			227
		Carnian	Triassic 3		Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		Longobardian			237
		Ladinian			Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian			242
					Pelsonian			243.8 *
					Bithynian			244.7 *
					Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian			251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1								407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien				408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1							433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Series 3 †			497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4				500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3				Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
												538.8