PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ammonite Chrons of North America			Devonian Subages	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of North America				Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian																0.129
		Calabrian																0.774
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Yushean						Tertiary †	2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Tortonian									Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian									Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian									Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras											168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense											168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta											174.7
							Planulata											179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi									179.8 *
							Kanense											181.3 *
							Carlottense											182.3 *
							Kunae											183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae											184.2
							Freboldi											185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras										186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras										189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis										190.3 *
		Sinemurian																192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras									196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites											196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian	358.9
				Middle Famennian	365.3 *
				Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian	372.2
				Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
				Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian	383.7 *
				Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju	Porkuni				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Pirgu					Gamachian	445.2
						Pirgu					Richmondian	446 *
						Vormsi					Richmondian	449.6 *
						Vormsi					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Nabala					Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
						Nabala					Edenian			450.4 *
					Viru	Rakvere					Edenian			450.6 *
						Rakvere				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
						Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian				Keila							Idavere †	453
						Keila					Turinian			453.7 *
						Haljala								453.9
						Kukruse								456.4 *
						Kukruse		Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
						Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Uhaku	458.4
						Lasnamagi	458.9 *
						Aseri	460.4 *
					Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka				467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
										Rangerian			469.1 *
						Billingen				Rangerian			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian					Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
							Latorp †						470.1 *
						Hunneberg							473.7 *
								Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean					477.7
								Stairsian					480.3 *
						Varangu		Stairsian					481.3 *
						Varangu		Skullrockian				Demingian †	482 *
						Pakerort						Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort							485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian												Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian			509
		Stage 3											Branchian			514
		Stage 3											Placentian			517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																		538.8